Research by Eight Sleep

The State of Sleep

Every night, millions of people go to sleep and, thanks to modern technology and complex data analysis, we can understand more in depth how humans truly rest.

Utilizing only a snippet of aggregated and anonymized data (10.2M nights of sleep), this report highlights insights that we believe to be relevant contributions to the science of sleep.

Sleep report
Worldwide averages
7.28h
Sleep Duration
18.4%
Deep Sleep
22.9%
REM Sleep

Most sleep research asks people what they think.
We measure what happens.

The world's sleep stats

Global baseline metrics from 10.2 million nights of tracked sleep, establishing the normative range for connected sleep device users.

Sleep Duration
7.28 hrs
Median: 7.45 hrs | 95% CI: [7.275, 7.278]
Deep Sleep
18.4%
Median: 18.0% | Literature norm: 13-23%
REM Sleep
22.9%
Median: 23.2% | Literature norm: 20-25%
Average Bedtime
11:22 PM
Circular mean | Range: 9 PM - 2 AM
🔬 Physiological Expert Commentary
Understanding the Global Sleep Baseline
The 7.28-hour average duration observed in our population exceeds typical population estimates (6.5-6.8 hours in NHANES and UK Biobank data), reflecting a health-conscious, self-selected cohort invested in sleep optimization. This duration falls within the National Sleep Foundation's recommended 7-9 hours for adults.

Deep sleep at 18.4% sits comfortably within the healthy range. Deep sleep is critical for physical restoration, immune function, and memory consolidation. The REM sleep proportion of 22.9% indicates healthy dream sleep cycles, essential for emotional regulation and cognitive processing.
Reference: Hirshkowitz M et al. (2015) Sleep Health - NSF sleep duration recommendations; Ohayon MM et al. (2004) Sleep - Meta-analysis of sleep parameters.

How the world stacks up

Only countries where Eight Sleep is sold. Click a metric to re-rank.

Most Sleep πŸ‡³πŸ‡± Netherlands — 7h 20m
Range: 7h 04m – 7h 20m
1πŸ‡³πŸ‡±Netherlands
7h 20m
2πŸ‡²πŸ‡½Mexico
7h 19m
3πŸ‡¦πŸ‡ΊAustralia
7h 18m
4πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡ΈUnited States
7h 17m
5πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§United Kingdom
7h 17m
6πŸ‡¨πŸ‡¦Canada
7h 14m
7πŸ‡©πŸ‡ͺGermany
7h 12m
8πŸ‡ͺπŸ‡ΈSpain
7h 11m
9πŸ‡¨πŸ‡­Switzerland
7h 08m
10πŸ‡¦πŸ‡ͺUAE
7h 04m
Best Recovery πŸ‡¦πŸ‡ͺ UAE — 18.9%
Range: 18.2% – 18.9% (0.7pp spread)
1πŸ‡¦πŸ‡ͺUAE
18.9%
2πŸ‡¨πŸ‡¦Canada
18.4%
3πŸ‡³πŸ‡±Netherlands
18.4%
4πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡ΈUnited States
18.4%
5πŸ‡©πŸ‡ͺGermany
18.4%
6πŸ‡¨πŸ‡­Switzerland
18.3%
7πŸ‡ͺπŸ‡ΈSpain
18.3%
8πŸ‡¦πŸ‡ΊAustralia
18.3%
9πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§United Kingdom
18.3%
10πŸ‡²πŸ‡½Mexico
18.2%
Land of Dreams πŸ‡¨πŸ‡­ Switzerland — 23.7%
Range: 22.3% – 23.7% (1.4pp spread)
1πŸ‡¨πŸ‡­Switzerland
23.7%
2πŸ‡©πŸ‡ͺGermany
23.6%
3πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§United Kingdom
23.2%
4πŸ‡³πŸ‡±Netherlands
23.2%
5πŸ‡ͺπŸ‡ΈSpain
23.2%
6πŸ‡¦πŸ‡ͺUAE
23.0%
7πŸ‡¨πŸ‡¦Canada
23.0%
8πŸ‡¦πŸ‡ΊAustralia
22.9%
9πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡ΈUnited States
22.8%
10πŸ‡²πŸ‡½Mexico
22.3%
Earliest to Rest πŸ‡¦πŸ‡Ί Australia — 10:56 PM
Span: 10:56 PM – 12:23 AM (87 min)
10:30 PM11:00 PM11:30 PM12:00 AM12:30 AM
πŸ‡¦πŸ‡ΊAustralia
10:56 PM
πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡ΈUnited States
11:20 PM
πŸ‡²πŸ‡½Mexico
11:29 PM
πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§United Kingdom
11:32 PM
πŸ‡¨πŸ‡¦Canada
11:33 PM
πŸ‡¨πŸ‡­Switzerland
11:39 PM
πŸ‡©πŸ‡ͺGermany
11:43 PM
πŸ‡³πŸ‡±Netherlands
11:47 PM
πŸ‡¦πŸ‡ͺUAE
12:18 AM
πŸ‡ͺπŸ‡ΈSpain
12:23 AM
Regional Analysis
What Geographic Patterns Reveal
UAE shows the highest deep sleep percentage (18.9%) despite the shortest sleep duration in the top 10, suggesting efficient sleep architecture. Australia leads globally with the earliest bedtime at 10:56 PM.

Spain has the latest average bedtime (12:23 AM), reflecting cultural patterns of later dining and social activities. Switzerland leads in REM sleep at 23.7%, potentially reflecting work-life balance factors. The Netherlands tops sleep duration at 7h 20m.
Data disclaimer: Only countries where Eight Sleep is sold, among device owners. Rankings reflect this cohort, not national averages.

Temperature is the most underrated sleep lever

Sleep onset requires a 12°C core body temperature drop. Our data shows users actively adjust bed temperature across seasons — a ~2°C swing between summer and winter.

Eight Sleep Pod users cool their beds most aggressively in July (24.9°C average setting) and warm them in January (26.8°C). This 1.9°C seasonal swing tracks ambient temperature changes across the Northern Hemisphere — people compensate for summer heat by pushing bed cooling harder.

The UK shows the largest swing at nearly 4°C (23.5°C in July to 27.4°C in January), likely because British homes rely less on central AC. Germany follows at 3.3°C. The US swing is a more moderate 1.9°C, consistent with widespread air conditioning.

Seasonal temperature swing by country
🇬🇧United Kingdom3.9°C swing23.5–27.4°C
🇩🇪Germany3.3°C swing24.9–28.2°C
🇲🇽Mexico3.6°C swing24.7–28.2°C
🇨🇦Canada2.1°C swing25.1–27.1°C
🇺🇸United States1.9°C swing24.9–26.8°C
Unit

Northern Hemisphere Bed Temperature Setting (Apr 2025 – Mar 2026)

27.0°C 26.5 26.0 25.5 25.0 24.5 Warmer Cooler 26.1 25.7 25.2 24.9 24.9 25.0 25.6 26.2 26.7 26.8 26.8 26.4 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
🌡️ Temperature Physiology
July is when beds run coldest — users set an average of 24.9°C, nearly 2°C below January's 26.8°C. This confirms that ambient heat is a structural sleep inhibitor: the body must drop core temperature to initiate sleep, and when the room is warm, the bed must compensate. Countries without widespread AC (UK, Germany) show 2x the seasonal swing of the US, suggesting that active bed cooling fills a thermoregulation gap that climate control alone doesn't fully address.

Temporal changes

How sleep patterns shift across the year. Monthly variations reveal seasonal influences and lifestyle factors.

Monthly Sleep Duration Trend (Apr 2025 – Mar 2026)

7.40 7.30 7.20 7.10 7.28 7.27 7.12 7.23 7.33 7.18 7.17 7.35 7.33 7.40 7.33 7.28 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Best Month
Jan
7h 24m (7.40 hrs) | 18.0% deep | Winter hibernation effect
Worst Month
Jun
7h 07m (7.12 hrs) | 18.9% deep | Longer days disrupt sleep timing
Seasonal Gap
16 min
Between best and worst months - meaningful but manageable
☀️ Seasonal Physiology
Summer months (June-July) show the shortest sleep duration - a pattern seen globally in temperate climates. Longer daylight hours suppress melatonin production and delay natural sleep onset. Conversely, January 2026 shows peak sleep duration at 7h 24m, likely driven by shorter days and winter hibernation effects.

Deep sleep percentage peaks in summer (June: 18.9%), possibly reflecting the body's circadian adaptation to changing light exposure — shorter but deeper sleep.

The real cost of staying up

How cultural moments, holidays, and major events disrupt sleep patterns. Real-time data reveals the sleep cost of celebration and stress.

🎆
New Year's Eve
December 31, 2025 · Global (11 countries)
+78 min
later bedtime
HRV 40.9 ms -3.7 ms (‑8.3%)
Heart Rate 61.5 bpm +2.5 bpm
Snoring 8.9% +10.6%
🕐
DST Fall Back
November 2, 2025 · United States
+44 min
more sleep
Duration 7.43 hrs +0.74 hrs
Bedtime 46 min earlier
Quality Score 76.0 +1.6
🧧
Chinese New Year
February 17, 2026 · Singapore & Hong Kong SAR
+27 min
later bedtime
Duration 7.25 hrs +24 min
Quality 79.9 +2.6
HRV 50.1 ms -2.3 ms
🎉
Cinco de Mayo
May 5, 2025 · United States
+2.1%
HRV improvement
HRV 48.1 ms +1.0 ms
Heart Rate 57.5 bpm -0.1 bpm
Duration 7.19 hrs unchanged
🎃
Halloween
October 31, 2025 · United States
-5.7%
HRV reduction
Heart Rate 59.8 bpm +1.1 bpm
Snoring 8.0% +3.8%
Bedtime +8 min later
🏈
Super Bowl LX
February 8, 2026 · United States
-4.8%
HRV reduction
Bedtime +3 min later minimal shift
HRV 44.4 ms -2.2 ms
Duration 7.27 hrs -8 min
📅 Event Analysis
The Physiological Cost of Celebration
New Year's Eve is the single most disruptive night of the year across 11 countries: bedtimes shift 78 minutes later, HRV drops 8.3%, resting heart rate rises 2.5 bpm, and snoring increases 10.6% — classic signatures of alcohol and late-night celebration across 25,562 users. All 9 metrics moved significantly.

DST Fall Back offers a natural experiment for US users: when the clock resets an hour, people bank 44 extra minutes of sleep (7.43 hrs vs 6.69 hrs baseline) and go to bed 46 minutes earlier, boosting quality scores by 2.2%. Sleep architecture (deep sleep %, REM %) holds steady — the extra hour is essentially "bonus" recovery.

Chinese New Year in Singapore and Hong Kong SAR pushed bedtimes 27 minutes later with directional improvements in sleep duration (+24 min) and quality (+2.6 points). The pattern mirrors a family-oriented holiday where people sleep in rather than party hard.

Cinco de Mayo delivered a surprise for US users: HRV actually improved 2.1% (+1.0 ms), while sleep duration and architecture were unchanged. Social and cultural celebration — without the heavy alcohol signature — may support autonomic recovery rather than impair it.

Halloween tells the US party story: heart rate up 1.1 bpm, HRV down 5.7%, snoring up 3.8%. Super Bowl LX is revealing for what didn't happen — bedtimes shifted only 3 minutes (the game ends early evening), but HRV still dropped 4.8% and heart rate rose 1.0 bpm, suggesting alcohol consumption rather than late nights drove the physiological cost.
Methodology: Same-day-of-week matched baselines (4 prior weeks) to isolate event effects from weekday/weekend drift. All p-values < 0.05 with Bonferroni correction. Reference: Ebrahim IO et al. (2013) Alcohol Clin Exp Res — Alcohol and sleep architecture.

We dream less as we age

Deep sleep fades gradually. REM sleep — the stage where we dream — holds steady through our 40s, then drops sharply. The trajectories diverge in ways that challenge conventional wisdom.

-20 min
REM sleep lost per night from your 20s to 70s
Deep sleep declines 0.35 percentage points per decade | REM follows an inverted-U, peaking in the 40s before falling sharply

Deep Sleep % and REM Sleep % by Age Group

24% 23% 22% 21% 20% 19% 18% 19.1% 18.6% 18.2% 18.0% 17.6% 17.7% 22.8% 23.1% 23.2% 22.3% 21.1% 19.0% Deep Sleep % REM Sleep % 21–30 31–40 41–50 51–60 61–70 71–90
🔬 What the Data Reveals
Two Different Aging Stories
Deep sleep declines gradually and linearly — about 0.35 percentage points per decade, matching the seminal meta-analysis by Ohayon et al. (2004). In absolute terms, that's roughly 8 fewer minutes of deep sleep per night between your 20s and 70s. The decline plateaus after 50 — the biggest drops happen in the 20s-to-40s transition.

REM tells a more dramatic story. It actually increases through the 40s (peaking at 23.2%), then falls sharply — losing 20 minutes per night by the 70s. A simple linear model is inappropriate for REM; a quadratic fit doubles the explained variance. This inverted-U pattern suggests that the REM decline we associate with aging is really a post-midlife phenomenon.

A hidden gender split: The aggregate deep sleep decline masks a Simpson's paradox. Men lose 0.71 percentage points per decade; women's deep sleep is essentially flat across the lifespan (+0.07%/decade). By the 60s, women have nearly 2 percentage points more deep sleep than men.

HRV is the strongest age signal in the dataset, explaining 4.6x more variance than deep sleep. HRV drops from 62.5 ms in the 20s to 35.5 ms in the 60s — a 43% decline that reflects broad cardiovascular aging far beyond sleep architecture alone.
Reference: Ohayon MM et al. (2004) Sleep - Meta-analysis of age-related sleep changes; Mander BA et al. (2017) Neuron - Deep sleep and Alzheimer's pathology.

Same woman, different sleep

Women sleep more, snore less, and run warmer than men. But the real story is how these differences shift with age — and what happens at menopause.

Duration Advantage
+14 min
Women sleep 7.43 hrs vs men's 7.19 hrs. The gap persists across every age group and widens with age.
Snoring
1.7x less
Women: 5.5% snoring vs men's 9.5%. One of the starkest gender differences in the dataset (d=0.44).
Temperature
+1.6°C
She likes it warmer. Women prefer 1.6°C (2.9°F) warmer than men — the largest effect size in the dataset (d=0.88).

Pod Temperature Setting by Gender × Age

0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 ← Cooler | Pod Setting | Warmer → -0.05 -0.08 -0.05 -0.33 -0.35 +0.03 Hot flash cooling need -2.03 -1.98 -1.77 -1.43 -0.79 -0.11 Women Men 20yo 30yo 40yo 50yo 60yo 70+

Women's Sleep Duration by Age

20s
7h 33m
30s
7h 28m
40s
7h 23m
50s
7h 19m
60s
7h 17m
70+
7h 24m

Average sleep duration for women by age group. Source: 3.95M nights across 17,473 women.

🕰️ Women's Health Expert Commentary
Unique Challenges Across the Lifespan
Your cycle changes your sleep. Most women sleep worst in the days just before their period. The culprit is progesterone — it raises core body temperature just enough to disrupt deep sleep, even as it makes you feel drowsier. Women in their 20s and 30s compensate by sleeping longer than men, but the quality trade-off is real.

Menopause rewrites the rules. Hot flashes affect up to 80% of women, and nearly half experience them severely enough to wake up at night. The signature is unmistakable in our data: women’s preferred bed temperature stays stable through the 40s, then suddenly demands significantly more cooling in the 50s and 60s. The common assumption that older people want warmer beds? True for men. The opposite for women going through menopause. By the 70s, as hot flashes resolve, the preference returns to neutral.

The good news: Postmenopausal women in our data show higher deep sleep (18.9%) than expected, and sleep duration rebounds after 70. When the temperature is managed, restorative sleep comes back.
Reference: Baker FC et al. (2018) Nat Sci Sleep — Women’s sleep across the lifespan; Freedman RR (2014) J Clin Endocrinol Metab — Vasomotor symptom physiology; Kravitz HM et al. (2008) Sleep — Sleep disturbance during the menopausal transition (SWAN study).

These findings are observational. If you’re experiencing menopause-related sleep disruption, consult a healthcare provider.

Your biology is setting your bedtime

Understanding how age and gender shape sleep is the first step to setting the right baseline.

Gender Differences

Women
7.43
hours average sleep
17,473 users | 3.98M nights
Deep: 18.4% | REM: 22.6%
Men
7.19
hours average sleep
23,075 users | 5.25M nights
Deep: 18.3% | REM: 23.1%

Key Gender Gaps

Duration Gap
+14 min
Deep Sleep Gap
+0.1 pp
REM Gap
-0.4 pp
Gender Analysis
Women's bodies have been right about needing more sleep all along. 14 extra minutes on average, plus a slight edge on deep sleep (18.4% vs 18.3%). Hormones, it turns out, aren't entirely bad news.

The sleep you have at 60 isn't the sleep you had at 20

Generation Duration Deep % REM % Bedtime
Gen Z (18-27) 7.48 hrs 19.3% 22.7% 12:14 AM
Millennials (28-43) 7.33 hrs 18.6% 23.1% 11:26 PM
Gen X (44-59) 7.20 hrs 18.0% 22.8% 11:11 PM
Baby Boomers (60-78) 7.16 hrs 17.6% 21.0% 11:01 PM
Silent Gen (79+) 7.21 hrs 17.7% 18.6% 11:09 PM
Age-Related Changes
The Biology of Aging Sleep
Deep sleep declines steadily with age: Gen Z averages 19.3% while Baby Boomers average 17.6% - an 8.8% relative reduction. REM sleep shows the most dramatic age-related decline, dropping from 22.7% in Gen Z to just 18.6% in the Silent Generation — a 4.1 percentage point gap.

Bedtime shifts earlier with age: Gen Z averages 12:14 AM while the Silent Generation averages 11:09 PM - over an hour earlier. That's not a lifestyle choice. It's circadian phase advancement.

None of this is pathological. It's normal physiology. The smarter move is adjusting expectations and optimizing for sleep efficiency rather than chasing the sleep architecture you had at 22.

How this
was built

This report is built on anonymized, aggregated data from Eight Sleep Pod sensors across 23 countries — collected from March 2025 through March 2026 under user consent per the Eight Sleep Privacy Policy. No individual sleep profiles are identifiable in any finding.

Sensors capture heart rate, HRV, respiratory rate and sleep staging (derived from ballistocardiography). Statistical methods include matched-baseline event analysis, individual-level age regression, and effect-size testing with Bonferroni correction.

Eight Sleep users are not representative of the general population. This cohort skews toward higher income, technology adoption, and health-conscious behaviors. All findings are observational associations, not causal claims. For press and citation requests: press@eightsleep.com

10.2M nights 23 countries 4 generations of Pod Passive sensor data Mar 2025 – Mar 2026